There are following preventives:
Health promotion
This aims at the prevention of onset of risk factors that may subsequently predispose a person to cardiovascular disease.
Primary prevention
This aims to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in a person who is at risk for it, i.e., one who has already developed risk factors but has yet to show symptoms of disease.
Secondary prevention
This attempts to prevent recurrent events from occurring in patients who have established cardiovascular disease.
Tertiary prevention
This primarily focuses on the palliative management of a patient suffering from cardiovascular disease.
The most important aspect of preventive cardiology is to change the lifestyle, behavior and attitude of the people. That in turn is only possible by creating awareness regarding the risk factors and subsequent effects of cardiovascular diseases. Emphasizing and applying the principles of preventive cardiology is the responsibility of the health care system of our country and the health care workers.Elements or characteristics that predispose a person to a disease are termed as risk factors for that particular disease.

• Eating fruits and vegetables three times a day or more reduces the risk of stroke and of dying from heart disease. A diet rich in pulses, such as lentils and chickpeas, significantly reduces the risk coronary heart disease.
• Eating fish regularly reduces heart disease risk in women with type 2 diabetes. Fish contains Omega-3 fatty acids which are good for the heart.
• Eating foods rich in folate decreases the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease.
• Drinking eight or more glasses of water a day leads to a decreased risk of dying from heart disease-but drinking other liquids such as coffee, juice or soft drinks increase the risk.
• And of course the bottom line is: Eat to live; don’t live to eat.

• Exercise – even moderate exercise is better than nothing
• A better and balanced diet can improve or maintain your health
• Control your weight
• Try to stop smoking or at least decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked daily
• Avoid stress as much as possible
• Have your blood pressure monitored regularly
• Check if you have diabetes. If yes, keep it controlled and undertake special precautions
• Get your cholesterol level monitored regularly if you feel you are at risk
• An overall checkup is recommended